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Fig. 3 | Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

Fig. 3

From: The absence of data on driving under the influence of alcohol in road traffic studies: a scoping review of non-randomized studies with vote counting based on the direction of effects of alcohol policies

Fig. 3

Effect direction plot summarizing the direction of road traffic outcomes in studies assessing alcohol policies. [37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60]. Notes. Effect direction: upward arrow ▲ = negative health impact (e.g., increase in fatalities); downward arrow ▼ = positive health impact (e.g., decrease in injuries); sideways arrow ◄► = no change/mixed effects/conflicting findings. Units of time in the study: large arrow    > 50; medium arrow  25-49; small arrow  < 24. Numbers beside each arrow represent the number of road traffic outcomes summarized, and no number appears in cases where only one outcome was evaluated. In Miller et al. (2004), we classified the actual outcome (severe injuries or fatalities) as fatalities 

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Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

ISSN: 1747-597X