Table 2 Adjusted models – associations between gang exposure index, ever given birth and positive drug screening tests, controlling for age, population group, and education

Gang exposure index

1.31

(1.18–1.46)

< .001

1.26

(1.07–1.47)

0.005

1.37

(1.21–1.55)

<.001

Given birth (ref = no)

0.63

(0.42–0.96)

0.030

1.57

(0.83–2.95)

0.162

1.34

(0.69–2.62)

0.388

Age

1.09

(0.90–1.32)

0.391

1.23

(0.89–1.71)

0.210

1.17

(0.86–1.61)

0.318

Coloured (ref = Black)

1.75

(1.09–2.81)

0.021

0.55

(0.29–1.06)

0.072

0.81

(0.40–1.65)

0.563

Grade 9 + completed (ref = no)

0.65

(0.43–0.97)

0.034

0.32

(0.16–0.65)

0.002

0.40

(0.25–0.64)

< .001