Table 1 Drug use (re-)initiation and associated participant characteristics

1061

183 (17.2)

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Age (median (IQR))**

47 (36, 57)

43 (31, 54)

0.97 (0.95, 0.98)

< 0.001

0.98 (0.95, 1.00)

0.05

Men**^a

589 (55.5)

87 (47.5)

0.65 (0.41, 1.02)

0.06

0.68 (0.39, 1.21)

0.19

White ethnicity*^b

607 (57.6)

106 (58.2)

1.05 (0.73, 1.50)

0.81

1.14 (0.71–1.81)

0.59

Lack of housing**

158 (14.9)

30 (16.4)

1.45 (0.55, 3.77)

0.45

0.87 (0.26–2.92)

0.82

Reside in DTES**

524 (49.4)

80 (43.7)

1.32 (0.67, 2.60)

0.43

1.27 (0.55–2.95)

0.57

Incarceration**

51 (4.8)

10 (5.6)

4.30 (1.69, 10.97)

0.002

3.36 (1.12, 10.14)

0.03

Injection drug use**

536 (50.5)

114 (62.3)

3.62 (1.73, 7.55)

< 0.001

2.62 (1.02, 6.76)

0.05

HIV seropositive*

328 (30.9)

48 (26.2)

0.75 (0.51, 1.12)

0.16

1.09 (0.65–1.83)

0.75

Non-fatal overdose**

188 (17.8)

56 (30.8)

3.07 (1.32, 7.16)

0.009

2.01 (0.78, 5.20)

0.15

At least daily use of unregulated opioids**

376 (35.5)

66 (36.1)

1.78 (0.80, 3.96)

0.16

1.08 (0.39-3.00)

0.89

At least daily non-medical use of prescribed opioids**

18 (1.7)

6 (3.3)

5.15 (0.76, 35.05)

0.094

2.15 (0.21, 22.28)

0.52

At least daily use of stimulants**

295 (27.9)

65 (35.7)

1.30 (0.55, 3.06)

0.55

1.06 (0.41–2.77)

0.90

At least daily use of cannabis**

241 (22.7)

50 (27.3)

0.81 (0.33, 1.98)

0.64

1.12 (0.42–3.01)

0.82

Recent addictions treatment**

704 (66.7)

134 (73.6)

2.16 (0.89, 5.22)

0.09

1.64 (0.65, 4.11)

0.30

Inability to access addictions treatment**

59 (5.6)

17 (9.3)

5.35 (1.74, 16.49)

0.004

4.91 (1.22, 19.75)

0.03

Inability to access health or social services**

223 (21.2)

58 (32.0)

0.78 (0.26, 2.34)

0.66

0.55 (0.16–1.85)

0.33