From: Estimating mortality attributable to alcohol or tobacco – a cohort study from Germany
Baseline: alcohol drinking or tobacco smoking | Death certificate: disorder combinations attributable to | Death certificate: disorder not attributable | Death certificate unavailable | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
alcohol or tobacco fully | alcohol + tobacco partly | tobacco only partly | alcohol only partly | alcohol or tobacco total | |||||||||
SHR CI | SHR CI | SHR CI | SHR CI | SHR CI | SHR CI | SHR CI | |||||||
Estimate: All disorders, including established and suggestive tobacco-attributable | |||||||||||||
Death cases: 69 | Death cases: 343 | Death cases: 105 | Death cases: 22 | Death cases: 539 | Death cases: 4 | Death cases: 30 | |||||||
Alcohol risk drinking | |||||||||||||
No risk drinking | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | |||||||
Risk drinking | 2.05 1.25–3.36 | 1.57 1.25–1.98 | 1.00 0.62–1.60 | 1.39 0.50–3.87 | 1.56 1.30–1.88 | - | 1.15 0.53–2.51 | ||||||
Tobacco smoking | |||||||||||||
Never or never daily | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | |||||||
Former daily | 1.73 0.73–4.08 | 1.11 0.82–1.51 | 0.42 0.19–0.93 | 1.26 0.44–3.63 | 1.03 0.80–1.33 | - | 1.00 0.37–2.73 | ||||||
Current daily | 4.71 2.27–9.76 | 1.85 1.42–2.41 | 2.96 1.86–4.72 | 0.75 0.24–2.30 | 2.33 1.89–2.88 | - | 1.85 0.85–4.06 | ||||||
Estimate: All disorders, including established tobacco-attributable only | |||||||||||||
Death cases: 69 | Death cases: 297 | Death cases: 76 | Death cases: 68 | Death cases: 510 | Death cases: 33 | Death cases: 30 | |||||||
Alcohol risk drinking | |||||||||||||
No risk drinking | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||||
Risk drinking | 2.05 1.25–3.36 | 1.48 1.16–1.90 | 0.98 0.57–1.67 | 1.84 1.09–3.11 | 1.59 1.31–1.91 | 1.16 0.47–2.84 | 1.15 0.53–2.51 | ||||||
Tobacco smoking | |||||||||||||
Never or never daily | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||||
Former daily | 1.73 0.73–4.08 | 1.26 0.91–1.74 | 0.53 0.21–1.36 | 0.67 0.33–1.34 | 1.10 0.85–1.42 | - | 1.00 0.37–2.73 | ||||||
Current daily | 4.71 2.27–9.76 | 2.03 1.52–2.71 | 4.00 2.30–6.94 | 0.91 0.52–1.59 | 2.39 1.92–2.96 | 1.11 0.51–2.41 | 1.85 0.85–4.06 | ||||||
Estimate: Underlying cause of death, including established and suggestive tobacco-attributable | |||||||||||||
Death cases: 26 | Death cases: 210 | Death cases: 229 | Death cases: 21 | Death cases: 486 | Death cases: 57 | Death cases: 30 | |||||||
Alcohol risk drinking | |||||||||||||
No risk drinking | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||||
Risk drinking | 2.00 0.91–4.39 | 1.59 1.18–2.13 | 1.52 1.14–2.03 | 1.56 0.57–4.26 | 1.67 1.38–2.02 | 0.72 0.35–1.47 | 1.15 0.53–2.51 | ||||||
Tobacco smoking | |||||||||||||
Never or never daily | - | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||||
Former daily | - | 1.15 0.79–1.66 | 0.86 0.55–1.33 | 0.78 0.24–2.58 | 1.02 0.78–1.34 | 0.95 0.47–1.91 | 1.00 0.37–2.73 | ||||||
Current daily | - | 1.56 1.12–2.17 | 3.27 2.32–4.60 | 0.68 0.23–2.02 | 2.44 1.95–3.05 | 1.03 0.56–1.90 | 1.85 0.85–4.06 | ||||||
Estimate: Underlying cause of death, including established tobacco-attributable only | |||||||||||||
Death cases: 26 | Death cases: 163 | Death cases: 155 | Death cases: 68 | Death cases: 412 | Death cases: 131 | Death cases: 30 | |||||||
Alcohol risk drinking | |||||||||||||
No risk drinking | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||||
Risk drinking | 2.00 0.91–4.39 | 1.24 0.88–1.74 | 1.50 1.06–2.11 | 2.73 1.65–4.51 | 1.66 1.35–2.04 | 1.16 0.76–1.75 | 1.15 0.53–2.51 | ||||||
Tobacco smoking | |||||||||||||
Never or never daily | - | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||||
Former daily | - | 1.35 0.89–2.05 | 1.03 0.60–1.76 | 0.69 0.35–1.36 | 1.10 0.83–1.47 | 0.76 0.45–1.29 | 1.00 0.37–2.73 | ||||||
Current daily | - | 1.89 1.30–2.76 | 3.78 2.44–5.86 | 0.73 0.40–1.33 | 2.38 1.86–3.04 | 1.65 1.11–2.45 | 1.85 0.85–4.06 |