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Table 1 US young adult participants’ sociodemographic and substance use characteristics overall and by cannabis use class (N = 4,031)

From: Cannabis use characteristics and associations with problematic use outcomes, quitting-related factors, and mental health among US young adults

  

Among all participants

 

Among those with past-month use: Latent use classes

 

Total

No past-month use

Any past-month use

 

Infrequent-herb/edibles

Frequent-herb

Moderate- herb

Moderate- oil/other

 

N = 4,031

(100%)

N = 2,063

(51.2%)

N = 1,968

(48.8%)

 

N = 815

(41.4%)

N = 330

(16.8%)

N = 552

(28.0%)

N = 271

(13.8%)

 

Variables

N (%) or

M (SD)

N (%) or

M (SD)

N (%) or

M (SD)

p-value

N (%) or

M (SD)

N (%) or

M (SD)

N (%) or

M (SD)

N (%) or

M (SD)

p-value

State non-medical cannabis law, n (%) *

   

.029

    

.165

 Not legalized

1988 (49.3)

1048 (50.8)

940 (47.8)

 

369 (45.3)

167 (50.6)

279 (50.5)

125 (46.1)

 

 Legalized

2043 (50.7)

1015 (49.2)

1028 (52.2)

 

446 (54.7)

163 (49.4)

273 (49.5)

146 (53.9)

 

Sociodemographics

Age, M (SD)

26.29 (4.81)

25.74 (4.94)

26.86 (4.61)

< .001

26.29 (4.76)

27.86 (4.16)

27.20 (4.56)

26.66 (4.53)

< .001

Sex, n (%)

   

.667

    

.606

 Female

2394 (59.4)

1239 (60.1)

1155 (58.7)

 

481 (59.0)

194 (58.8)

322 (58.3)

158 (58.3)

 

 Male

1612 (40.0)

811 (39.3)

801 (40.7)

 

329 (40.4)

135 (40.9)

228 (41.3)

109 (40.2)

 

Sexual identity, n (%)

   

< .001

     

 Heterosexual

2844 (70.6)

1547 (75.0)

1297 (65.9)

 

524 (64.3)

213 (64.5)

370 (67.0)

190 (70.1)

.051

 Sexual minority §

1105 (27.4)

456 (22.1)

649 (33.0)

 

276 (33.9)

116 (35.2)

180 (32.6)

77 (28.4)

 

Hispanic, n (%)

   

.005

    

.197

 No

3204 (79.5)

1677 (81.3)

1527 (77.6)

 

625 (76.7)

269 (81.5)

428 (77.5)

205 (75.6)

 

 Yes

766 (19.0)

352 (17.1)

414 (23.4)

 

173 (21.2)

59 (17.9)

119 (21.6)

63 (23.2)

 

Race, n (%)

   

< .001

    

< .001

 White

2525 (62.6)

1312 (63.6)

1213 (61.6)

 

500 (61.3)

221 (67.0)

335 (60.7)

157 (57.9)

 

 Black

545 (13.5)

188 (9.1)

357 (18.1)

 

103 (12.6)

73 (22.1)

124 (22.5)

57 (21.1)

 

 Asian

549 (13.6)

379 (18.4)

170 (8.6)

 

117 (14.4)

4 (1.2)

24 (4.3)

25 (9.2)

 

 Other ^

269 (6.7)

110 (5.3)

159 (8.1)

 

59 (7.2)

23 (7.0)

53 (9.6)

24 (8.9)

 

Education level, n (%)

   

< .001

    

< .001

 <Bachelor’s degree

2306 (57.2)

1022 (49.5)

1284 (65.2)

 

410 (50.3)

288 (87.3)

413 (74.8)

173 (63.8)

 

 ≥Bachelor’s degree

1725 (42.8)

1041 (50.5)

684 (34.8)

 

405 (49.7)

42 (12.7)

139 (25.2)

98 (36.2)

 

Employment status, n (%)

   

< .001

    

< .001

 Full-time

1438 (37.5)

718 (34.8)

720 (36.6)

 

330 (40.5)

104 (31.5)

182 (33.0)

104 (38.4)

 

 Part-time

539 (13.4)

222 (10.8)

317 (16.1)

 

123 (15.1)

44 (13.3)

96 (17.4)

54 (19.9)

 

 Student

1103 (27.4)

675 (32.7)

428 (21.7)

 

217 (26.6)

42 (12.7)

107 (19.4)

62 (22.9)

 

 Unemployed

951 (23.6)

448 (27.1)

503 (25.6)

 

145 (17.8)

140 (42.4)

167 (30.3)

51 (18.8)

 

Community type, n (%)

   

.128

    

.002

 Rural (< 10,000)

845 (21.0)

435 (21.1)

410 (20.8)

 

141 (17.3)

94 (28.5)

107 (19.4)

68 (25.1)

 

 Suburban/micropolitan (10,000–49,999)

1228 (30.5)

657 (31.8)

571 (29.0)

 

252 (30.9)

87 (26.4)

167 (30.3)

65 (24.0)

 

 Urban (50,000+)

1954 (48.5)

968 (46.9)

986 (50.1)

 

422 (51.8)

149 (45.2)

227 (50.2)

138 (50.9)

 

Relationship status, n (%)

   

< .001

    

< .001

 Single/never married/other #

2429 (60.3)

1258 (61.0)

1171 (59.5)

 

510 (62.6)

184 (55.8)

307 (55.6)

170 (62.7)

 

 Married

896 (22.2)

543 (26.3)

353 (17.9)

 

161 (19.8)

42 (12.7)

100 (18.1)

50 (18.5)

 

 Cohabitating

706 (17.5)

262 (12.7)

444 (22.6)

 

144 (17.7)

104 (31.5)

145 (26.3)

51 (18.8)

 

Parent/has child(ren), n (%)

   

< .001

    

< .001

 No

2784 (69.1)

1512 (73.3)

1272 (64.6)

 

613 (75.2)

177 (53.6)

315 (57.1)

167 (61.6)

 

 Yes

1247 (30.9)

551 (26.7)

696 (35.4)

 

202 (24.8)

153 (46.4)

237 (42.9)

104 (38.4)

 

Past-month substance use, n (%)

Cannabis

1968 (48.8)

0 (0.0)

1968 (100.0)

< .001

--

--

--

--

--

Hemp-derived cannabinoids

984 (24.4)

86 (4.2)

898 (45.6)

< .001

286 (35.1)

164 (49.7)

290 (52.5)

158 (58.3)

< .001

CBD

907 (22.5)

151 (7.3)

756 (38.4)

< .001

258 (31.7)

133 (40.2)

223 (40.4)

142 (52.4)

< .001

Alcohol

2427 (60.2)

987 (47.8)

1440 (73.2)

< .001

631 (77.4)

208 (63.0)

404 (73.2)

197 (72.7)

< .001

Cigarettes

916 (22.7)

135 (6.5)

781 (39.7)

< .001

178 (21.8)

203 (61.5)

279 (50.5)

121 (44.6)

< .001

E-cigarettes

1071 (26.6)

184 (8.9)

887 (45.1)

< .001

262 (32.1)

181 (54.8)

275 (49.8)

169 (62.4)

< .001

Cigars

541 (13.4)

57 (2.8)

484 (24.6)

< .001

91 (11.2)

137 (41.5)

165 (29.9)

91 (33.6)

< .001

Hookah

474 (11.8)

40 (1.9)

434 (22.1)

< .001

95 (11.7)

106 (32.1)

140 (25.4)

93 (34.3)

< .001

  1. Notes M: mean. SD: standard deviation. P-values are based on Chi-square tests for categorical variables and ANOVAs or t-tests for continuous variables
  2. * Legalized non-medical adult use as of March 2023: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington. § Bisexual, lesbian/gay, other. ^ Race: other (i.e., American Indian or Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Multiracial, other). # Relationship: other (i.e., single/never married, divorced, separated, widowed, other). Responses categorized separately for multivariable regressions. Sex: other (n = 1), prefer not to answer (n = 24). Sexual identity: prefer not to answer (n = 82). Ethnicity: don’t know (n = 9), prefer not to answer (n = 52). Race: don’t know (n = 48), prefer not to answer (n = 95). Community: other (n = 4)
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