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Table 4 Multivariable regressions assessing cannabis use class in relation to use-related outcomes among US young adults reporting past 30-day use (N = 1,968)

From: Cannabis use characteristics and associations with problematic use outcomes, quitting-related factors, and mental health among US young adults

 

Problematic use

Driving after cannabis use

Driving after cannabis/alcohol co-use

Variables

B

95% CI

p

aOR

95% CI

p

aOR

95% CI

p

Cannabis use class (ref: moderate-herb)

 Infrequent-herb/edibles

0.02

-0.07, 0.12

.606

0.28

0.22, 0.37

< .001

0.52

0.35, 0.76

.001

 Frequent-herb

-0.18

-0.30, -0.07

.002

1.32

0.99, 1.77

.058

1.52

1.02, 2.28

.041

 Moderate-oil/other

0.39

0.27, 0.51

< .001

1.30

0.96, 1.77

.095

3.98

2.72, 5.82

< .001

State non-medical cannabis law

Legalized (ref: not legalized)

0.06

-0.01, 0.14

.098

0.69

0.56, 0.85

< .001

0.74

0.56, 0.99

.043

Sociodemographics

Age

-0.02

-0.03, -0.01

< .001

1.02

0.99, 1.04

.228

0.99

0.96, 1.03

.561

Male sex (ref: female)

0.12

0.04, 0.20

.003

1.62

1.29, 1.03

< .001

2.27

1.69, 3.06

< .001

Sexual minority (ref: heterosexual)

-0.09

-0.17, -0.01

.038

0.81

0.65, 1.02

.071

0.49

0.35, 0.69

< .001

Hispanic (ref: non-Hispanic)

0.05

-0.05, 0.14

.303

0.98

0.76, 1.26

.895

1.06

0.74, 1.51

.751

Race (ref: White)

 Black

-0.07

-0.17, 0.03

.162

1.51

1.16, 1.98

.003

2.21

1.59, 3.09

< .001

 Asian

0.16

0.02, 0.30

.026

0.69

0.44, 1.08

.101

0.58

0.32, 1.08

.088

 Other

0.10

-0.03, 0.24

.141

1.13

0.78, 1.65

.521

1.17

0.68, 1.99

.577

Education ≥ Bachelor’s degree (ref: <)

0.15

0.06, 0.24

.002

0.80

0.61, 1.04

.090

1.05

0.74, 1.48

.794

Employment status (ref: full-time)

 Part-time

-0.04

-0.15, 0.08

.514

0.68

0.49, 0.93

.016

0.68

0.43, 1.07

.092

 Student

0.12

0.01, 0.22

.031

1.01

0.75, 1.36

.952

1.17

0.80, 1.72

.426

 Unemployed

-0.06

-0.16, 0.04

.252

0.63

0.47, 0.83

.001

0.61

0.41, 0.91

.016

Community type (ref: rural)

 Suburban/micropolitan (10,000–49,999)

0.02

-0.09, 0.13

.701

1.09

0.81, 1.46

.575

1.11

0.72, 1.71

.640

 Urban (50,000+)

0.01

-0.09, 0.11

.853

0.97

0.73, 1.28

.803

1.41

0.95, 2.09

.091

Relationship (ref: single/other)

 Married

0.01

-0.10, 0.12

.863

1.18

0.88, 1.60

.270

1.32

0.88, 1.98

.177

 Cohabitating

-0.13

-0.22, -0.04

.007

0.89

0.69, 1.16

.393

0.81

0.55, 1.12

.293

Parent/has child(ren) (ref: no)

-0.01

-0.10, 0.08

.857

1.41

1.10, 1.81

.008

1.16

0.82, 1.62

.408

Adjusted R-square

 

.100

  

.204*

  

.219*

 
 

Importance of quitting

Confidence in quitting

Mental health symptoms (PHQ-4)

 

B

95% CI

p

B

95% CI

p

B

95% CI

p

Cannabis use class (ref: moderate-herb)

 Infrequent-herb/edibles

-0.21

-0.54, 0.12

.206

0.56

0.20, 0.92

.002

-0.55

-0.93, -0.17

.005

 Frequent-herb

-0.33

-0.99, -0.18

.005

-1.01

-1.45, -0.57

< .001

-0.01

-0.48, 0.46

.968

 Moderate-oil/other

0.59

0.17, 1.01

.006

-1.27

-1.74, -0.81

< .001

1.03

0.53, 1.52

< .001

State non-medical cannabis law

Legalized (ref: not legalized)

-0.10

-0.37, 0.16

.439

0.08

-0.21, 0.37

.583

-0.03

-0.34, 0.28

.863

Sociodemographics

Age

-0.05

-0.09, -0.02

.001

0.07

0.03, 0.10

< .001

-0.02

-0.06, 0.02

.261

Male sex (ref: female)

0.14

-0.14, 0.42

.319

-0.34

-0.66, -0.03

.030

-0.78

-1.11, -0.45

< .001

Sexual minority (ref: heterosexual)

-0.74

-1.02, -0.46

< .001

0.34

0.02, 0.65

.035

0.60

0.26, 0.93

< .001

Hispanic (ref: non-Hispanic)

0.70

0.37, 1.03

< .001

-0.27

-0.64, 0.10

.148

-0.18

-0.57, 0.21

.363

Race (ref: White)

 Black

1.14

0.79, 1.49

< .001

-0.61

-1.00, -0.22

.002

-0.85

-1.27, -0.44

< .001

 Asian

0.47

-0.03, 0.97

.063

-0.20

-0.75, 0.36

.485

-0.39

-0.98, 0.20

.191

 Other

0.32

-0.16, 0.80

.193

-0.47

-1.00, 0.07

.086

-0.26

-0.82, 0.31

.377

Education ≥ Bachelor’s degree (ref: <)

0.72

0.39, 1.04

< .001

-0.08

-0.74, 0.91

.646

-0.31

-0.69, 0.07

.110

Employment status (ref: full-time)

 Part-time

-0.01

-0.41, 0.39

.945

0.12

-0.32, 0.56

.601

0.25

-0.21, 0.72

.287

 Student

0.44

0.07, 0.82

.020

0.23

-0.18, 0.65

.270

0.36

-0.08, 0.08

.105

 Unemployed

-0.17

-0.53, 0.19

.365

-0.49

-0.89, -0.09

.017

0.60

0.17, 1.02

.006

Community type (ref: rural)

 Suburban/micropolitan (10,000–49,999)

-0.02

-0.39, 0.36

.924

0.24

-0.18, 0.65

.265

-0.12

-0.56, 0.32

.596

 Urban (50,000+)

-0.23

-0.59, 0.13

.203

0.08

-0.31, 0.47

.690

-0.41

-0.83, 0.01

.053

Relationship (ref: single/other)

 Married

0.26

-0.13, 0.64

.188

-0.11

-0.53, 0.32

.619

0.05

-0.40, 0.49

.838

 Cohabitating

-0.26

-0.59, 0.07

.127

0.36

-0.003, 0.73

.052

-0.27

-0.66, 0.12

.169

Parent/has child(ren) (ref: no)

0.08

-0.24, 0.41

.616

0.06

-0.30, 0.42

.750

-0.42

-0.80, -0.04

.032

Adjusted R-square

 

.090

  

.075

  

.077

 
  1. Notes aOR: adjusted odds ratio. CI: confidence interval. * Nagelkerke R-square. In alternative analyses using frequent-herb use class as referent group (rather than the moderate-herb class): Problematic use – each of the other groups reported more problematic use; Driving after cannabis use – infrequent-herb/edibles had lower odds but no differences between frequent-herb vs. moderate-herb or moderate-oil/other; Driving after cannabis and alcohol use – infrequent-herb/edibles and moderate-herb had lower odds, while moderate-oil/other had greater odds; Importance of quitting – no differences except moderate-oil/other reported greater importance; Confidence in quitting – infrequent-herb/edibles and moderate-herb were more confident, no differences between frequent-herb and moderate-oil/other classes; Mental health – infrequent-herb/edibles fewer symptoms, no differences between frequent-herb and moderate-herb classes, more mental health symptoms in moderate-oil/other
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Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

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