Table 4 Multivariable GEE^a analyses of factors associated with using drugs alone in the last 6 months. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for regression analyses, with p-values

Age

(median)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gender

(cisgender men vs. not cisgender men identifying)

0.70 (0.49 – 1.00)

0.050

-

-

-

-

white

(white vs. BIPOC^c)

1.22 (0.86 – 1.73)

0.262

1.05 (0.64 – 0.71)

0.848

-

-

Homeless^d

(yes vs. no)

-

-

0.45 (0.25 – 0.82)

0.010

-

-

Daily Illicit Stimulant Use^d

(yes vs. no)

1.75 (1.22 – 2.50)

0.002

1.90 (1.17 – 3.10)

0.010

1.63 (0.93 – 2.86)

0.086

Daily Illicit Opioid Use^d

(yes vs. no)

1.38 (0.97 – 1.97)

0.072

1.34 (0.83 – 2.15)

0.227

1.65 (0.91 – 3.00)

0.102

Binge Use^d,e

(yes vs. no)

1.70 (1.21 – 2.37)

0.002

2.18 (1.38 – 3.45)

 < 0.001

1.41 (0.79 – 2.53)

0.245

Relationship^f

(yes vs. no)

0.30 (0.21 – 0.44)

 < 0.001

0.25 (0.14 – 0.43)

 < 0.001

0.34 (0.19 – 0.62)

 < 0.001

Recent Incarceration^d

(yes vs. no)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Victim of Violence^d

(yes vs. no)

1.07 (0.66–1.75)

0.779

-

-

-

-

DTES Residence^d,g

(yes vs. no)

1.02 (0.71 – 1.46)

0.922

-

-

0.87 (0.47 – 1.62)

0.655

Depression^h

(moderate/severe vs. none/mild)

1.73 (1.19 – 2.51)

0.004

1.42 (0.85 – 2.37)

0.181

2.16 (1.20 – 3.89)

0.011