Table 1 Characteristics of recent methamphetamine use among people who inject drugs in Iran (20192020)
From: Methamphetamine use and associated factors among people who inject drugs in Iran 2020
Variables | N (%a); Total: 2259 | Methamphetamine use (L3Mc) N (%a); 1062 (44.9) | Crude odds ratiob (95% CI; P-value) |
|---|---|---|---|
Individual factors | |||
Age (years) | |||
 < 30 years old | 270 (11.0%) | 99 (42.8%) | Ref |
 ≥ 30 years old | 1973 (89.0%) | 954 (48.6%) | 1.62 (1.24, 2.10; < 0.001) |
Sex | |||
 Male | 2179 (95.6%) | 1018 (48.3%) | Ref |
 Female | 80 (4.4%) | 44 (68.2%) | 1.39 (0.89, 2.18; 0.147) |
Education level | |||
 Less than high school diploma | 1578 (68.9%) | 811(52.5%) | 1.81 (1.50, 2.18; < 0.001) |
 High school diploma or higher | 673 (31.1%) | 248 (40.6%) | Ref |
Living with spouse or partner | |||
 Yes | 524 (22.6%) | 193 (33.9%) | Ref |
 No | 1724 (77.4%) | 67 (53.6%) | 1.73(1.42, 2.12; < 0.001) |
Source of income | |||
 Full/ part-time job | 1937 (84.3%) | 930 (48.7%) | 1.33 (1.05, 1.69; 0.020) |
 others | 322 (15.7%) | 132 (49.8%) | Ref |
Region | |||
 Central | 299 (18.6%) | 146 (42.9%) | 4.47 (3.37, 5.94; < 0.001) |
 North | 183 (3.5%) | 86 (43.3%) | 4.15 (2.94, 5.87; < 0.001) |
 South | 753 (50.0%) | 450 (62.4%) | 6.96 (5.58, 8.68; < 0.001) |
 East | 296 (7.0%) | 252 (77.5%) | 26.84 (18.51, 38.93; < 0.001) |
 West | 728 (20.9%) | 128 (14.1%) | Ref |
History of homelessness (L12Md) | |||
 Yes | 957 (43.1%) | 576 (67.0%) | 2.52 (2.12,2.99; < 0.001) |
 No | 1289 (56.9%) | 483 (38.9%) | Ref |
History of incarceration | |||
 Yes | 1484 (62.7%) | 817 (57.7%) | 2.59 (2.15, 3.11; < 0.001) |
 No | 754 (37.3%) | 242 (31.1%) | Ref |
Substance use-related factors | |||
Age at first drug use (any type) | |||
 < 18 years old | 765 (35.2%) | 417 (59.1%) | 1.43 (1.20, 1.71; < 0.001) |
 ≥ 18 years old | 1351 (64.8%) | 615 (58.3%) | Ref |
Duration of injection | |||
 < 10 years | 1098 (55.7%) | 474 (52.4%) | Ref |
 ≥ 10 years | 1051 (44.3%) | 563 (51.2%) | 1.52 (1.28,1.80; < 0.001) |
Non-injection illicit opioid use (L3M1) | |||
 Yes | 664 (37.8%) | 530 (78.4%) | 7.90 (6.36,9.81; < 0.001) |
 No | 1595 (62.2%) | 532 (28.2%) | Ref |
Injecting illicit opioid use (L3M1) | |||
 Yes | 542 (27.9%) | 421 (77.1%) | 5.84 (4.65,7.31; < 0.001) |
 No | 1717 (72.1%) | 641 (34.4%) | Ref |
Injecting illicit benzodiazepine use (L3M1) | |||
 Yes | 14 (0.7%) | 13 (88.8%) | 14.82 (1.93, 11.48; 0.009) |
 No | 2245 (99.3%) | 1049 (49.0%) | Ref |
Injecting cocaine use (L3M1) | |||
 Yes | 24 (0.7%) | 1 (13.3%) | 0.05 (0.01, 0.35; 0.003) |
 No | 2235 (99.3%) | 1061 (49.1%) | Ref |
Sexual-related factors | |||
Multiple sex partners (L12M2) | |||
 Yes | 389 (21.6%) | 259 (62.6%) | 2.19 (1.73,2.78; < 0.001) |
 No | 1176 (78.4%) | 558 (51.0%) | Ref |
Inconsistent condom use with a casual partner (L3Mc) | |||
 Yes | 629 (28.6%) | 346 (56.7%) | 1.56 (1.30, 1.87; < 0.001) |
 No | 1630 (71.4%) | 716 (46.1%) | Ref |
Receptive needle/syringe sharing (L3Mc) | |||
 Yes | 83 (4.2%) | 54 (45.9%) | 2.01 (1.28, 3.15; 0.002) |
 No | 1568 (95.8%) | 741 (57.2%) | Ref |
HIV test result | |||
 Positive | 70 (2.4%) | 32 (3.0%) | 0.95 (0.59, 1.53; 0.825) |
 Negative | 2189 (97.6%) | 1030 (97.0%) | Ref |
HCV test result | |||
 Positive | 577 (24.6%) | 330 (54.3%) | 1.73 (1.43, 2.10; < 0.001) |
 Negative | 1682 (75.4%) | 732 (48.0%) | Ref |